Penner is a freelance Flash developer and speaker based in Kelowna, Canada. He is known for innovations such as Flash back button integration and mathematical easing equations. Penner worked with Macromedia on Flash MX 2004 developing product features and his work with Axis-media.com earned two Flash Film Festival finalist nominations. Penner holds a degree in philosophy and is the author of “Robert Penner’s Programming Macromedia Flash MX,” published by Osborne McGraw-Hill.